As the cost of production is a key determinant of longterm viability, developing methods that reduce the cost of direct coal liquefaction has posed a challenge to scientists and industrial organizations worldwide. This paper summarizes recent developments in technology and processes and explores the overall economic competitiveness of direct coal liquefaction using the China Shenhua Group ...
The use of highcarbonbased feeds to produce alternative fuels and valueadded chemicals is discussed. Basic conversion chemistry, chemical structures of coal and lignin biomass are discussed, followed by process technologies for direct liquefaction, liquid quality, process control and modeling, advantages and limitations, and future trends.
Various metal compounds have been used to catalyze the process. This type of CTL technology is called direct coal liquefaction (DCL). DCL technology involves making a partially refined synthetic crude oil directly from coal, which is then further refined into synthetic gasoline and diesel as well as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).
Direct liquefaction (DCL) processes and technology for coal and biomass conversion. Burgess Clifford C., SongC., in Advances in Clean Hydrocarbon Fuel ... It is anticipated that in future thermal conversion will play an increasingly important role for biomass, coal and organic waste conversion. The topic of direct coal liquefaction was ...
oaltoliquids (TL) technology enables conversion of abundant coal into valuable liquid fuels such as gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. Methods include indirect conversion (coal to syngas, which can be converted to liquid hydrocarbons) or direct conversion (by various direct coal liquefaction methods).
This article is cited by 42 publications. Tengfei Yang, Congcong Liu, Wenan Deng, Chuan Li, Liyong Gan, Qingshan Niu. Influence of the Iron Proportion on the Efficiency of an OilSoluble NiFe Catalyst Applied in the Coliquefaction of Lignite and Heavy Residue.
The environmental footprint of coal liquefaction processes can usually be reduced by coprocessing coal and biomass and applying CO 2 capture and storage (CCS) technology but at the cost of higher ...
The main examples of indirect liquefaction methods for converting biomass to liquid fuel employ synthesis gas as their feedstock. The majority of these processes were originally developed for the conversion of coal and natural gas to liquid products. Technically, however, they should work equally well using synthesis gas produced from oxygen gasification.
these biomass resources in one or the other way. With very few exceptions, all conversion processes for biomass produce solid, liquid, and gaseous products in varying yields and composition. Liquefaction could be generally defined as conversion process with the aim to produce liquid products (as primary product and/or with the highest yield).
Other thermochemical conversion technologies are under development for coprocessing biomass and fossil fuels. During the coliquefaction of coal with biomass, lower liquefaction temperature of coal and higher liquid products yield than those predicted by mathematic models are obtained as a result of the synergetic effect.
The results showed the price of coal had a more dominant effect on RSP than that of biomass. Different mix ratios and conversion rates led to RSP ranging from /bbl. LCA results indicated that GHG emissions ranged from kg CO2 eq to kg CO 2 eq/1000 MJ of liquid fuel at various biomass to coal mix ratios and ...
Coal to liquid technology includes direct coal liquefaction (DCL), indirect coal liquefaction (ICL), coal to methanol to gasoline (CTMTG), and coal tar hydrogenation (CTH) (Xie, 2021; Zhang et al ...
Keywords: direct coal liquefaction (DCL); processes; influencing factors; coal pretreatment; catalysts; coliquefaction; biomass 1. Introduction Due to the rapid increase in demand for petroleum and its declining reserves, the concern over energy security has intensified the interest in coal liquefaction, especially for those countries which are
For the most highly developed processes, coal conversion can be as high as 90% on a mineral ash free basis, with a C 5+ distillate yield up to 75% and hydrogen consumption of 57% wt. When an external catalyst is used, it is typically some combination of cobalt, nickel, and molybdenum on a solid acid support such as silicaalumina [].In slurry hydrogenation processes, catalyst lifetime is ...
Coal can also be liquefied directly into liquid fuels through direct coal liquefaction (DCL) processes at around 450500 °C under 1530 MPa H 2 in a suitable solvent with appropriate catalysts [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. In many processes, the solvent used can facilitate the heat and mass transfer during chemical reactions, and function as a ...
Pyrolysis is one of the prospective processes that can be utilized to obtain high value chemicals and energy from coal and biomass. Coalbiomass copyrolysis presents a green, lowrisk, cheap ...
Headwaters direct coal liquefaction process. Source: Headwaters. Click to enlarge. Headwaters Inc and Axens are forming a strategic alliance to provide a singlesource solution for producing synthetic fuels by direct coal liquefaction (DCL) alone or in combination with refinery residues or biomass. The two companies will combine their technologies and...
The main objective of this paper is to carry out a techno‐economic evaluation for the direct coal liquefaction (DCL) process based on the two primary conversion options under consideration: (a) catalytic coal liquefaction (CCL) the use of non‐donor solvents with added hydrogen pressure and (b) thermal coal liquefaction (TCL) the use of solvents with some H‐donor properties ...
The environmental footprint of coal liquefaction processes can usually be reduced by coprocessing ... [18], [19]. In addition, utilization of biomass in the DCL process can reduce the external hydrogen demand in ... the carbon footprint of the energy conversion processes can be reduced by adding biomass and applying CCS technologies at the ...
Coal Liquefaction Technology and Status ... Coal Conversion Processes Carbonization and Pyrolysis Low severity (mild gasification) High temperature Direct Liquefaction ... Shenhua DCL Process ; Miller EIA 2007 03/28/07 Department of Energy ; 15 ;
1Solidhydrocarbonfuelprocessingandtechnology103 4 Directliquefaction (DCL)processes andtechnology forcoalandbiomass conversion105 C. BurgessCliffordandC.
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